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Aggression is an undesirable behavior that assaults traditions norms, morals and standards of ethics practiced in society. To address the scarceness of identification tools and for evidence-based interventions in Pakistan, the purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which aggression is prevalent in Pakistan’s people by newly developed self-reported questionnaires in the Urdu language designed after reviewing the cultural and social perspectives of the society.

The research design was based on principles of scale development followed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A subject matter expert panel technique was adopted where educationists from diversified backgrounds helped to generate items and to establish content validity.

The three-factor construct has been supported by factor analysis. These analyzes identified aggression measures in terms of direct aggression, displaced aggression and indirect aggression. The model has established inner consistency, reliability and validity. Furthermore, the impact of age and gender on different forms of aggression was explored and discussed.

Aggression is a distinctive trait of many psychiatric disturbances. To undertake the dearth of identification tools and for evidence-based interventions in Pakistan, it was necessary to develop a tool for identification to address aggression issues among common people. This research is devised to develop a self-reported questionnaire in the Urdu language keeping cultural and social perspectives of society.

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a study undertaken to understand Information and Communication Technology (ICT) facilitation and performance of business research process in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The study has investigated the influence of ICT-aided infrastructure facilitation on the effectiveness of business research in HEIs. Scale development for the various dimensions of ICT facilitation and business research process performance has also been established.

Structural equation modeling has been used for data analysis across a sample of 164 respondents, which have been randomly selected from the population of business researchers pursuing their research in the HEIs in northern India. Questionnaire has been used for survey and data collection.

The findings of the study reveal that implementation of ICT initiatives have significantly enhanced the efficiency and quality of business research in higher education. Further, the study has found that ICT facilitation is multidimensional, consisting of three sub-constructs (infrastructure availability, human resource capacity and e-resource financing) and business research process performance consisting of four sub-constructs (facilitator, accessibility, ethical dimensions and data processes). It has been found that all the sub-constructs are related to their respective constructs.

The study uses a small sample as the number of business researchers was less in the northern region of India. For more generalization and authentication, larger sample size should be used. Further, the study developed a scale and tested it in the northern region of India. Therefore, it becomes important to examine whether the same scale can be applied to other sector/regions and countries.

The study has added to the understanding of the relationship between variables, namely, ICT facilitation and business research process performance. It also identifies the ICT factors and business research performance factors, and empirically tests their dimensionality. The study emphasizes that higher learning institutes should be more knowledge and result-driven with immediate practical implications for business development and revenue generation.

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel model on the unsteady MHD flow of heat transfer in carbon nanotubes with variable viscosity over a shrinking surface.

The temperature-dependent viscosity makes the proposed model non-linear and coupled. Consequently, the resulting non-linear partial differential equations are first reformed into set of ordinary differential equations through appropriate transformations and boundary layer approximation and are then solved numerically by the Keller box method.

Graphical and numerical results are executed keeping temperature-dependent viscosity of nanofluid. It is noted that, for diverse critical points, it is found that at one side of these critical values, multiple solutions exist; on the other side, no solution exists. A comparison is also computed for the special case of existing study. The temperature and pressure profiles are also plotted for various effective parameters.

The work is original.

The purpose of this study at the level of sustainability of oxbow lake was intended to determine the status of sustainability, leverage attributes and driving factors in the management of oxbow lake in Buluh Cina village in Kampar, Riau, Indonesia.

The types of data collected include primary data and secondary data. Data was collected using survey methods, library research, laboratory analysis and interviews. The analytical method used this study is multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis and prospect analysis. Sustainability analysis is done using the MDS analysis approach with the help of RapOxbow software and compared to Monte Carlo analysis results.

The current sustainability status of the management of Lake Baru ecosystem according to a number of dimensions is considered sustainable with a sustainability index value of 50.95. Meanwhile, the analysis results of each dimension shows that the sustainability index for the ecological dimension is 42.56 and the sustainability index for the economic dimension is 47.44, which means that the index is less sustainable.

The approach of this research is MDS analysis and prospect analysis and research locations in Buluh Cina village in Kampar, Indonesia which have never been studied before. This is one of few studies that investigates comprehensively the analysis of management sustainability, especially in the dimensions of ecology, economics and socio-culture, especially in Indonesia.

This study aims to answer an important question of how brand-related communications, including advertising and sales promotion contents, which are disseminated on social media platforms, can enhance positive brand image and evoke favourable behavioural intention from consumers.

This study surveys 615 consumers of automotive brands across Malaysia. The data were analysed with AMOS, which was used to specify both the measurement and structural models. The mediating effect of both hedonic and functional brand images was tested using the bootstrapping approach in AMOS and Sobel test.

The findings reported in this research demonstrate that there are positive and significant relationships between social media advertising content, social media sales promotion content, hedonic brand image, functional brand image and behavioural intention. Both hedonic and functional brand images have significant mediating effects on social media advertising content, social media sales promotion content and behavioural intention. However, the relationship between social media advertising content and behavioural intention is insignificant.

This paper proffers insights to brand managers and marketers on how to leverage on social media contents by unearthing the roles of traditional marketing communications such as social media advertising and promotional information in enhancing brand preference and improving consumers’ purchase intention.

This research advances the discussions in the realm of social media communications and branding by examining the mediating effects of both hedonic and functional brand images of automotive brands. In addition, this study focuses on two essential marketing communications, advertising and sales promotions, which are commonly disseminated by brand managers on social media platforms.

The effects of population growth in the developing world and climate change have increased the stress on available water resources. The majority of Rajshahi city, Bangladesh, is facilitated with groundwater withdrawal. As Bangladesh is a country of monsoon climate, reserved rainwater can be contributed as an alternative to extracted groundwater. This study aims to develop a framework for rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) for domestic purposes and estimate the appropriate size of the storage tanks and their costs required to fulfill the annual drinking and cooking water demands through RRWH in Rajshahi city of Bangladesh.

A total of 100 single-story residential dwellings with varying rooftop areas were surveyed for the projection of RRWH potential. The relationship between the size and cost of a water tank and the rooftop areas of different houses is expressed using a general mathematical equation. Cost estimates for the proposed RRWH system for all houses have been completed, and a cost model illustrating the relationship between rooftop or catchment area and associated cost of RRWH system has been developed.

This study reveals that a maximum of 110.75 m³/year rainwater can be collected from a 100 m² rooftop area of Rajshahi city. Moreover, this study finds that such harvesting of rainwater can reduce municipal water supply to the extent of almost 75%. Water samples collected from rooftops also revealed that if germs were removed through bacteria treatment, the collected rainwater potentially can be used for drinking and cooking purposes.

The novelty of this study is that it focused mainly on how significant RRWH can be to meet people’s daily required amount of water for household purpose and ascertain the cost reduction using the RWH method. This paper also is unique as it assessed the volume of the storage tank that is sufficient to distribute the necessary amount of water for drinking and cooking purpose as a sustainable alternative source in the dry season.

Python codes are developed for the versatile structural analysis on a 3 spar multi-cell box beam by means of idealization approach.

Shear flow distribution, stiffener loads, location of shear center and location of geometric center are computed via numpy module. Data visualization is performed by using Matplotlib module.

Python scripts are developed for the structural analysis of multi-cell box beams in lieu of long hand solutions. In-house developed python codes are made available to be used with finite element analysis for verification purposes.

The use of python scripts for the structural analysis provides prompt visualization, especially once dimensional variations are concerned in the frame of aircraft structural design. The developed python scripts would serve as a practical tool that is widely applicable to various multi-cell wing boxes for stiffness purposes. This would be further extended to the structural integrity problems to cover the effect of gaps and/or cut-outs in shear flow distribution in box-beams.

The purpose of this study is to present a complete framework that defines the link between choices and decision criteria based on existing research on digital influencers (DIs) connected to consumer purchase intentions. The primary goal of this article is to assess the effect of DIs on customer purchase intentions via the creation of an integrated knowledge-based system (KBS).

The suggested KBS is based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which creates a link between DI elements and their overall effect on consumer purchase intentions.

With the help of a KBS, the performance of DIs may be evaluated. It demonstrates the link between choices connected to factors and decision criteria of various variables, demonstrating the beneficial effect of DIs in molding customer purchase intentions in the organic skincare industry.

The proposed KBS would aid marketing managers and decision makers in assessing the effect of DIs on customer purchase intentions. This research would also give decision makers with extensive information on influencer marketing and crucial elements that have a significant effect on customer purchase intentions.

This is the first research to employ the fuzzy AHP methodology and KBS in relation to influencers' effect. No prior research has targeted the organic skincare industry to assess the effect of Internet influencers on consumer purchase intentions. Furthermore, the KBS offers a holistic and complete way to studying influencers' effect on cost per impression (CPI) by establishing a linkage between choices and decision criteria.